cố nông

Trước đây, cố nông phải làm thuê cho địa chủ.

Definitions

1. Noun:
   • Landless peasant, poor peasant: A person belonging to the poorest class in traditional rural Vietnamese society, typically owning little or no land and having to work as hired laborers for landlords or wealthier peasants.
   • Agricultural proletariat: A term used in socio-political contexts to describe the rural working class with no means of agricultural production of their own.

Usage Examples

• Noun:
  • Trước Cách mạng, đời sống của cố nông vô cùng cực khổ. (Before the Revolution, the life of landless peasants was extremely difficult.)
  • Giai cấp cố nông là lực lượng cách mạng trung kiên. (The agricultural proletariat class is a staunch revolutionary force.)

Advanced Usage

• This term is strongly associated with historical and Marxist-Leninist analysis of pre-revolutionary Vietnamese society. It is often used in discussions of land reform, class struggle, and historical narratives.
  • Phân tích giai cấp trong nông thôn bao gồm địa chủ, phú nông, trung nông, bần nông và cố nông. (Class analysis in the countryside includes landlords, rich peasants, middle peasants, poor peasants, and landless peasants.)

Variants and Related Words

• Bần nông (n): Poor peasant. While also poor, a might own a very small plot of land or some basic tools, whereas a typically owns nothing.
• Vô sản (n): Proletariat. can be considered the rural equivalent ().

Synonyms

• Nông dân không có ruộng đất: Peasant without farmland.
• Tá điền: Tenant farmer (specifically one who rents land, which may overlap with the condition of a ).

Related Phrases/Idioms

• Cơ cực như *cố nông*: To be as destitute as a landless peasant. (Describes extreme poverty and hardship).
  • Gia đình ấy sống cơ cực như cố nông. (That family lives in destitution like landless peasants.)